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Pharmacology is the study of drugs β€” how they work, how they are used, and how they affect the body. It combines biology, chemistry, and medicine to understand how substances interact with living systems to produce therapeutic (helpful) or toxic (harmful) effects.


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πŸ’Š Main Branches of Pharmacology

1. Pharmacodynamics
πŸ‘‰ What the drug does to the body.

Studies how drugs act on receptors, enzymes, and cells.

Explains mechanism of action, dose-response relationships, and side effects.

2. Pharmacokinetics
πŸ‘‰ What the body does to the drug.

Involves ADME:

A – Absorption (how the drug enters the blood)

D – Distribution (how it spreads through tissues)

M – Metabolism (how it’s broken down, usually in the liver)

E – Excretion (how it’s removed, mainly by the kidneys)


3. Therapeutics (Clinical Pharmacology)
πŸ‘‰ Study of how drugs are used to treat diseases safely and effectively in humans.


4. Toxicology
πŸ‘‰ Study of poisons and harmful effects of drugs and chemicals on the body.


5. Pharmacognosy
πŸ‘‰ Study of natural drug sources, such as plants, animals, and minerals.


6. Pharmacy / Pharmaceutics
πŸ‘‰ The formulation and preparation of drugs (tablets, injections, etc.).


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🧠 Key Concepts

Dose – Amount of drug given.

Efficacy – Ability of the drug to produce the desired effect.

Potency – How much of the drug is needed to produce an effect.

Side effects – Unintended drug effects.

Drug interactions – How one drug affects another when taken together.

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βš•οΈ Importance of Pharmacology

Ensures safe and effective drug use.

Helps design new medicines and understand disease mechanisms.

Supports healthcare professionals in prescribing and managing treatments properly.